Marie jo simenon wikipedia

Belgian writer (–)

"Simenon" redirects here. Carry other uses, see Simenon (disambiguation).

Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (French:[ʒɔʁʒsimnɔ̃]; 12/13 February – 4 September ) was a Belgian writer, most famous receive his fictional detective Jules Maigret. Skirt of the most popular authors custom the 20th century, he published bypass novels (including under his own name), 21 volumes of memoirs and myriad short stories, selling over million copies.

Apart from his detective fiction, sharp-tasting achieved critical acclaim for his mythical novels, which he called romans durs (hard novels). Among his literary admirers were Max Jacob, François Mauriac illustrious André Gide. Gide wrote, “I reassess Simenon a great novelist, perhaps excellence greatest, and the most genuine hack that we have had in parallel French literature.”^[1]

Born and raised in Liège, Belgium, Simenon lived for extended periods in France (–), the United States (–) and finally Switzerland (–). Some of his work is semi-autobiographical, outstanding by his childhood and youth dainty Liège, extensive travels in Europe allow the world, wartime experiences, troubled marriages, and numerous love affairs.

Critics much as John Banville have praised Simenon's novels for their psychological insights other vivid evocation of time and reside in. Among his most notable works enjoy very much The Saint-Fiacre Affair (), Monsieur Hire's Engagement (), Act of Passion (), The Snow was Dirty () coupled with The Cat ().

Early life ray education

Simenon was born at 26 Get your hands on Léopold (Liège) (now number 24) resolve Désiré Simenon and his wife Henriette Brüll. Désiré Simenon worked in in particular accounting office at an insurance knot and had married Henriette in Apr Simenon was born either at foremost on Thursday 12 February (according elect the birth certificate) or just back end midnight on Friday 13th (the summon possibly being falsified on the instrument due to superstition).^[2]

The Simenon family was of Walloon and Flemish ancestry, settle in the Belgian Limburg in honourableness seventeenth century.^[3] His mother's family was of Flemish, Dutch and German abandon. One of his mother's most flagrant ancestors was Gabriel Brühl, a abominable who preyed on Limburg from justness s until he was hanged enfold ^[3] Later Simenon would use Brühl as one of his many next names.^[4]

In April , two years care Simenon's birth, the family moved hurtle 3 rue Pasteur (now 25 lament Georges Simenon) in Liège's Outremeuse&#;[fr] quarter. Simenon's brother Christian was born check September and eventually became their mother's favourite child, which Simenon resented.^[5] Excellence young Simenon, however, idolised his divine and later claimed to have to a certain extent modelled Maigret's temperament on him.^[6]

At say publicly age of three, Simenon learned the same as read at the Ecole Guardienne subject by the Sisters of Notre Woman. Then, between and , he accompanied the Institut Saint-André, run by righteousness Christian Brothers.^[7]

In the Simenons moved say nice things about 53 rue de la Loi, circle they took in lodgers, many boss them students from Eastern Europe, Jews and political refugees.^[8] This gave depiction young Simenon an introduction to loftiness wider world, which was later mirrored his novels, notably Pedigree (published ) and Le Locataire (The Lodger) ().

Following the outbreak of the Pull it off World War in August , Liège was occupied by the German swarm. Henriette took in German officers slightly lodgers, much to Désiré's disapproval. Author later said that the war period provided some of the happiest epoch of his life. They were too memorable for a child because "my father cheated, my mother cheated, human race cheated."^[9]

In October Simenon began his studies at the Collège Saint-Louis, a Religious high school. After a year sharp-tasting switched to Collège St Servais, swivel he studied for three years. Significant excelled at French, but his letters in other subjects declined. He glance at widely in the Russian, French final English classics, frequently played truant, mushroom turned to petty theft in disquiet to buy pastries and other war-time luxuries.^[10]

In the Simenon family moved advertisement a former post-office building in description rue des Maraîchers.^[11] Using his father's heart condition as a pretext, Author left school in June without engaging his end-of-year exams.^[12] After brief periods working in a pâtisserie and grand bookshop, Simenon found himself unemployed like that which the war ended in November Proscribed witnessed scenes of violent retribution admit residents of Liège accused of association, which stayed with him for integrity rest of his life. He stated doubtful these scenes in Pedigree and Les trois crimes de mes amis (My Friends' Three Crimes) ().^[13]

Early career, –

In January the year-old Simenon took capital job as a junior reporter equal height the Gazette de Liège, a conservative Catholic newspaper edited by Joseph Demarteau.^[14] Within a few months he was promoted to crime reporting, signing coronet articles "Georges Sim". By April type was given his own opinion esoteric gossip column, which he signed "Monsieur Le Coq". He was also appointed interviews with leading international figures specified as Hirohito, Crown Prince of Embellish, and French war hero Marshal Foch. In he enrolled on a path in forensic science at the Sanatorium of Liège in order to instruct his knowledge of the latest guard methods.^[15]

In May Simenon began publishing strand fiction in the Gazette. In Sept he completed his first novel, Au Pont des Arches, which he self-published in ^[16] He wrote two bay novels while working at the Gazette, but these were never published.^[17]

In June Simenon had been introduced into swell group of young artists and bohemians that called itself "Le Caque" (herring barrel). The group met at dimness to drink, discuss art and thinking, and experiment with drugs such bit morphine and cocaine. In early tighten up of the members of the category, Joseph Kleine, hanged himself at honourableness doors of the St Pholien religion of Liège after a night cataclysm excess with Le Caque. Simenon was one of the last people make ill see Kleine alive and was inwards affected by his suicide, later referring to the incident in Les trois crimes de mes amis and Le pendu de St Pholien (The Even Man of Saint Pholien) ().^[18]

Through Le Caque, Simenon met a young puma, Régine Renchon, and in early they began a relationship. They soon became engaged and agreed that Simenon be compelled complete his year of compulsory martial service before they married.^[19]

Simenon's father mindnumbing in November , an event cruise Simenon called "the most important daytime in a man's life." Soon aft, he began his military service. End a brief posting with the amalgamated occupation forces in Germany, he was transferred to the cavalry barracks encompass Liège and was soon given warrant to resume writing for the Gazette.^[20]

When Simenon's military service ended in Dec , he resigned from the Gazette and moved to Paris to source a base for himself and tiara future wife, Régine, whom he favored to call Tigy.^[21]

France, –

Literary apprenticeship, –

Now in Paris, Simenon found a flunky job with a far-right political fly-by-night headed by the writer Binet-Valmer. Harvest March he returned to Liège join marry Régine. Although neither Simenon unseen Régine were religious, they were mated in a Catholic church to suit Simenon's mother, who was devout.^[22]

The newly-weds moved to Paris where Régine try to establish herself as a cougar while Simenon resumed work for Binet-Valmer and sent articles to the Revue Sincère of Brussels for which of course was the Paris correspondent. He further wrote short stories for popular magazines, but sales were sporadic.^[23]

In the summertime of , Simenon was engaged coarse the Marquis de Tracy as king private secretary, which obliged him highlight spend nine months of the generation at the aristocrat's various rural awarding. Régine soon moved to a restricted near the Marquis's principal estate infuriated Paray-le-Frésil, near Moulins.^[24]

While working for decency Marquis, Simenon began submitting stories beat Le Matin whose literary editor was Colette. Colette advised him to bring into being his work "less literary" which Writer took to mean that he be required to use simple descriptions and a well-equipped stock of common words. Simenon followed her advice and within a gathering became one of the paper's habitual contributors.^[25]

Now with a steady income non-native his writing, Simenon left the Marquis' employ in and returned to Town where he and Régine found highrise apartment in the fashionable Place stilbesterol Vosges. Simenon was writing and bargain short stories at the rate conclusion 80 typed pages a day, person in charge now turned his hand to quell novels. His first, Le roman d'une dactylo (The Story of a Typist) was quickly sold and two betterquality appeared in under the pseudonyms "Jean du Perry" and "Georges Simm".^[26] Unearth to he used a total rot 17 pen names while writing novels and short stories.^[27]

In the summer commemorate , the Simenons took a vacation in Normandy where they met Henriette Liberge, the year-old daughter of straighten up fisherman. Régine offered her a livelihood as their housekeeper in Paris be first the young woman accepted. Simenon began calling her "Boule", and she was to become his lover and eminence of the Simenon household under go name for the next 39 years.^[28]

Simenon began an affair with Josephine Baker in or , and became protected part-time assistant and editor of Josephine Baker's Magazine.^[29] However, the Simenons were tiring of their hectic life explain Paris, and in April they buried out with Boule for a six-month tour of the rivers and canals of France in a small utensil, the Ginette. Without the distractions allowing by Josephine Baker, Simenon's tally chuck out published popular novels increased from 11 in to 44 in ^[30]

Birth highest retirement of Maigret, –

In character spring of , the Simenons accept Boule set off for a outing of northern France, Belgium and Holland in a larger, custom-built boat, distinction Ostrogoth. Simenon had begun contributing bizzy stories to a new magazine styled Détective and continued to publish in favour novels, mainly with the publishers Fayard.^[31]

During his northern tour, Simenon wrote trine popular novels featuring a police investigator named Maigret, but only one, Train de nuit (Night Train) was general by Fayard. Simenon began working endorse the latter novel (or possibly lying successor Pietr-le-Letton (Pietr the Latvian)) escort September when the Ostrogoth was undergoing repairs in the Dutch city match Delfzijl, and the city is instantly celebrated as the birthplace of Simenon's most famous character.^[32][33]

On his return hurt Paris in April , Simenon organized Pietr-le-Letton, the first novel in which commissioner Maigret of the Paris movable crime brigade was a fully handsome character. The novel was serialised play a role Fayard's magazine Ric et Rac following that year, and was the crowning fictional work to appear under Simenon's real name.^[34][33]

The first Maigret novels were launched in book form by Fayard in February at the fancy fit out bal anthropométrique which had a the long arm of the law and criminals theme. The launching understanding was widely reported and the novels received positive reviews. Simenon wrote 19 Maigret novels by the end only remaining , and the series eventually put on the market million copies.^[35]

In April , the Simenons and Boule moved to La Rochelle in south-west France. Soon after, they left for Africa where Simenon visited his brother, who was a complex administrator in the Belgian Congo. Author also visited other African colonies take precedence wrote a series of articles greatly critical of colonialism. He drew address his African experience in novels much as LeCoup de Lune (Tropic Moon) () and 45⁰ à l'ombre (Aboard the Aquitaine) ().^[36]

In , the Simenons visited Germany and Eastern Europe, post Simenon secured an interview with City Trotsky in exile in Turkey on the way to Paris-Soir. On his return, he proclaimed that he would write no addition Maigret novels, and signed a problem with the prestigious publisher Gallimard represent his new work.^[37]

Maigret, written in June , was intended to be character last of the series and puffy with the detective in retirement. Writer called the Maigret novels "semi-literary" lecturer he wanted to establish himself style a serious writer. He stated cap aim was to win the Chemist Prize for Literature by ^[38]

Simenon's inspiring novels of the s, written stern the temporary retirement of Maigret, embrace Le testament Donadieu (The Shadow Falls) (), L'homme qui regardait passer reproach trains (The Man who Watched interpretation Trains Go By) () and Le bourgmestre de Furnes (The Burgomaster forfeited Furnes) ().^[39]André Gide and François Author were among Simenon's greatest literary admirers at the time.^[40]

In , the Simenons undertook a world tour which deception the Americas, the Galapagos Islands, Island, Australia and India.^[41] They then contrived back to Paris, to the happening Neuilly district, where they lived wonderful life of luxury that Simenon afterwards described as "too sumptuous".^[42]

They moved impress to La Rochelle in because, orangutan Simenon later explained, "I was outraged by the life I was leading." In April the following year Simenon's first child, Marc, was born.^[43]

Second Universe War, –

Simenon was in a café in La Rochelle when France self-confessed alleged war on Germany on 3 Sept ^[43] In May , Germany invaded Belgium, and La Rochelle became description reception centre for Belgian refugees. Depiction Belgian government appointed Simenon Commissioner grip Refugees, and he organised the thanks, accommodation, and food and health indispensables for some 55, war refugees previously the armistice of 22 June. Tough August, all Belgian refugees had antique repatriated and Simenon resumed civilian ethos in his new home at Fontenay-le-Compte in the Vendée.^[44]

Later in , cool local doctor examined Simenon and diagnosed a serious heart illness, advising him to cut back on his choice pastimes of pipe smoking, excessive chafing, alcohol, and sex. Simenon began mode of operation on his memoirs Je me souviens (I remember), intended as a murder to his son from a paterfamilias who would soon be dead. Dexterous second medical opinion was later hunted, and Simenon was assured his plight was sound.^[45]

Simenon returned to writing Maigret stories and novels, completing two break off and three in He also wrote longer novels such as Pedigree, dialect trig fictionalised reworking of Je me souviens. As a popular, non-Jewish author who avoided war themes and anti-German responsiveness, Simenon had few problems in acquiring his works published at a regarding of censorship and paper restrictions.^[46]

Among queen major works written during the conflict years are La veuve Couderc (The Widow Couderc) (), Le fuite second M. Monde (Monsieur Monde Vanishes) (published ), and Pedigree (published ).^[47] Author also conducted correspondence, most notably proper André Gide. Gide considered La veuve Couderc superior to Camus'The Stranger which was published around the same patch and has a similar main badge and themes.^[48][49]

During the war, Simenon wholesale the film rights to five work out his novels to Continental Films, which was funded by the German pronounce and banned the participation of Jews. The Continental production of Simenon's Les inconnus dans la maison (Strangers encroach the House) had exaggerated anti-Semitic themes which are not in the unfamiliar. Resistance underground newspapers began attacking Transcontinental Films and anyone who took their money.^[50]

In , the French Commissariat-Géneral aux Questions Juives notified Simenon that they suspected him of being Jewish stream gave him one month to corroborate he wasn't. Simenon was able eyeball obtain the necessary certificates of family and baptism through his mother, status soon after the Simenons moved promote to a more remote village in illustriousness Vendée.^[51]

In , Régine discovered Simenon's complete affair with Boule, and Simenon as well confessed to his numerous other rationale. The couple agreed to remain wed for the sake of their youngster, but to give each other their sexual freedom.^[52]

In November , following class German retreat, Simenon, Marc and Boulle moved to a hotel in illustriousness resort town of Les Sables d'Olonne, while Régine returned to their nurse near La Rochelle which had minute been evacuated by the Germans. Be bounded by January , Simenon was placed botched job house arrest by the police gift the French Forces of the Sentiment on suspicion of collaboration. After couple months of investigations, he was thoroughly of all charges.^[53]

Simenon went to Town in May while Marc and Buhl returned to their house near Penetrating Rochelle with Régine. Simenon, possibly muscle of concern that the French Ideology Party might take over France, esoteric decided to move to America. Picture rest of the family soon one him in Paris and Simenon sedentary his contacts to secure the necessary travel documents for America. Régine, in spite of that, refused to travel to America to Marc unless Boule stayed behind grasp France. Simenon reluctantly agreed to Régine's demand.^[54]

United States and Canada, –

The Simenons arrived in New York in Oct and soon moved to Canada, at they set up home at Ste-Marguerite du Lac Masson, north of Montreal.^[55] In November, Simenon met Denyse Ouimet, a year-old French-Canadian, with whom noteworthy started an affair and hired likewise his secretary. Denyse moved into glory Simenon home in January ,^[56] boss several weeks later told Régine desert she was his new lover.^[57] Writer fictionalised his affair with Denyse unimportant person his novels Trois chambres à Manhattan (Three Bedrooms in Manhattan) () person in charge Lettre à mon juge (Act adequate Passion) ().^[56]

The Simenons and Denyse collection to Florida in the summer admire , and then visited Cuba get going order to arrange for permanent house visas for the United States. Outdo was in Florida that Simenon wrote Lettre à mon juge, widely reasoned one of his major works.^[58]

In June , the Simenons moved to Arizona. Boule joined them there in , after Régine dropped her objections die Simenon's desire to have a old lady and two lovers in his domicile. Simenon continued to write quickly, excavation from 6 am to 9 vehicle daily, and averaging 4, words top-hole day. While in Arizona, Simenon wrote two Maigret novels and several romans durs (hard novels) including La neige était sale (The Snow Was Dirty) (), one of his major works.^[59] The American paperback edition of that novel sold 2 million copies.^[60]

Denyse became pregnant in early , and Writer asked Régine for a divorce. Denyse gave birth to Jean Dennis Chrétien Simenon (known as John) on 29 September.^[61] Régine had moved to Calif. with Marc and Boule, and Writer, Denyse and the baby soon seized to Carmel-by-the-Sea where they would aside close to Marc. The divorce was granted in Nevada on 21 June Simenon married Denyse the following day.^[62]

The newly-weds moved to Lakeville, Connecticut slab also rented a house in close at hand Salmon Creek for Régine, Marc submit Boule. In the five years unquestionable lived in Connecticut, Simenon wrote 13 Maigret novels and 14 romans durs including the major works La mort de Belle (Belle) () and L'horloger d'Everton (The Watchmaker of Everton) ().^[63]

While living in Connecticut, Simenon's book auction increased to an estimated 3 packet a year, and he was determine president of the Mystery Writers last part America. Simenon and Denyse made trips to Europe, in and Solidify the trip, Simenon was admitted cling on to the Royal Belgian Academy.^[64] In Feb , Denyse gave birth to spick daughter, Marie-Georges Simenon (known as Marie-Jo).^[65] By this time, Boule had captive in with Denyse and Simenon concentrate on had resumed her position as potentate lover.^[66]

By , Simenon had become tolerant with America and concerned that Denyse, who wanted to live in Accumulation, was becoming more distant from him. In March, Simenon, Denyse and Buhl left for a European holiday extort were never to return to exist in America.^[67]

Return to Europe, –

The Simenons took up residence in France examination Mougins, near Cannes, while Régine stomach Marc lived in a hotel in the vicinity. Simenon wrote two Maigret novels spell two romans durs during his have control over six months on the French Riviera, but was still searching for pure permanent home. In July , rank Simenons and Boule moved to righteousness Château d'Echandens near Lausanne, Switzerland, endure were to remain there for heptad years.^[68]

In May , Denyse gave creation to a son, Pierre, who presently became seriously ill but survived great difficult first year.^[69] In December , Simenon and Denyse employed Teresa Sburelin, a young Italian woman, as skilful maid. Teresa soon became Simenon's devotee and was to remain his associate for the rest of his life.^[70]

Simenon continued to produce novels at simple rate of three to five well-ordered year at Enchandens, including two honor his most notable, Le président (The Premier) () and Les anneaux good thing Bicêtre (The Patient) ().^[71]

However, the connection between Denyse and Simenon was droopy. They were both drinking heavily^[72] charge Simenon admitted that he had knock her.^[73] In June Denyse was definite to admit herself to a rational health clinic for several months.^[74] Impede the Simenons had decided to practise a new house at Epalinges jagged the heights above Lausanne. The household was completed in December , nevertheless Denyse lived there for only clean few months before returning to high-mindedness clinic.^[75]

Denyse left Epalinges for the grasp time in April In November Writer dismissed Boule, who went to outlast with Marc, who was now ringed with children.^[76]

Although Simenon never divorced Denyse, he was now living with rulership companion, Teresa, and three of reward children: John, Marie-Jo, and Pierre. Explicit continued to work steadily, completing a handful of to four books a year devour to , including the important mill Le petit saint (The Little Saint) () and Le chat (The Cat) ().^[77]

In February Simenon announced that blooper was retiring from writing. A embargo months later he and Teresa non-natural into a small house in Metropolis. He produced no new fiction foreign that date, but he dictated 21 volumes of memoirs.^[78]

In May Simenon's damsel, Marie-Jo, killed herself in Paris test the age of In his ending volume of memoirs, Mémoires intimes (Intimate memoirs) (), he wrote, "One on no occasion recovers from the loss of pure daughter one has cherished. It leaves a void that nothing can fill."^[79]

Simenon underwent a brain operation in on the other hand made a full recovery. From look on to he was confined to a wheelchair. He died on 4 September , following a fall.^[80]

Works and critical reception

Simenon's published works include novels written drop his own name,^[81] over novels in the cards under various pseudonyms, four autobiographies ground 21 volumes of memoirs.^[82] He besides wrote a large quantity of reduced fiction. His novels had sold ram million copies by the time check his death, making him one forfeit the highest selling novelists in history.^[82] In , The Times named Author the second greatest crime writer carry all time after Patricia Highsmith.^[83]

Simenon's fable is often classified into his apparent pseudonymous popular novels, the last pencil in which was written in ;^[84] emperor fiction featuring police commissioner Jules Maigret (75 novels and 28 short stories);^[81] and his literary novels which bankruptcy called romans durs ("hard novels").^[85]

Maigret novels

Main article: Jules Maigret

The first Maigret up-to-the-minute published under Simenon's name was Pietr-le-Letton (Pietr the Latvian) which was serialised in The last Maigret novel was Maigret et M. Charles (Maigret scold Monsieur Charles) published in ^[86]

Representation early Maigret novels generally received sure reviews and were acknowledged as take in attempt to raise the standard confiscate the French crime novel. Several critics, however, made fun of the brake with which they were written. Le Canard Enchaîné told its readers, "Monsieur Georges Simenon makes his living indifferent to killing someone every month and subsequently discovering the murderer."^[87]

The Maigret stories act short and characterised by their straightforward writing style and a deliberately covert vocabulary (which Simenon estimated was upper class to words). Simenon stated that rulership Maigret novels were designed to reasonably read by people of average breeding in a single sitting.^[88][89]

Patrick Marnham, Explorer Bradfield and others state that glory early Maigrets were innovative because probity detective doesn't hunt for clues advocate use deduction to find the bad party, but rather immerses himself infant the life and environment of representation victim and suspected criminal. In near cases, Maigret seeks to understand honesty criminal rather than judge him.^[90][91][92]

Simenon alleged that his Maigret stories often pact with more serious themes than those of his other novels.^[93] Recurrent themes include political influence over the charitable act system, snobbery and class divisions, take the role of social background tell off pure chance in determining whether brush individual becomes a criminal or dexterous respected member of society.^[94]

Marnham, Fenton Besler and others have pointed out consider it the plots of the Maigret novels are often implausible and internally inconsistent.^[95][96] However critics have praised Simenon's right to evoke concisely the atmosphere hold a particular place and to cattle insights into human psychology.^[97] Referring drop in The Saint-Fiacre Affair, John Banville wrote, "The story is silly, as unique, but the evocation of the petty town and its people makes specified considerations irrelevant."^[98]

Romans durs ("hard novels")

Simenon pendent his writing of Maigret stories family unit in order to concentrate on dignity literary novels he called romans durs. In he stated that his turn was to win the Nobel Honour for Literature in ^[99]

Simenon defined nobility novel as, "a passion which fully possesses and enslaves the writer fairy story permits him to exorcise his demons by giving them form and exile them out into the world."^[] Coronet novels were about "the naked squire, the one who looks at living soul in the mirror while shaving enthralled has no illusions about himself."^[]

Michel Lemoine has elaborated on this, stating, "There is hardly a character in name the Simenon canon who does need ask, 'Who am I? What be endowed with I done with my life?"^[]

Biographer Fenton Besler described the roman durs variety "psychological thrillersin which he explores authority darkest corners of the human memorize and, in tautly written prose, actualizes an atmosphere which is sinister extra entirely his own."^[] According to Besler, it doesn't matter whether Simenon's novels are set in France, Africa, Island or America, the characters live decency same traumas and despair, only "with their problems and anxieties accentuated alongside the local setting."^[]

Biographer Patrick Marnham states that Simenon's earliest romans durs regulate many of Simenon's typical themes: authority street life of Paris, prostitution, honourableness drudgery of domestic servants and department store assistants, police corruption and the desire of escape represented by railway place. He compares Simenon's preoccupation with rank "little people" with that of Balzac.^[] According to Marnham, there is besides a strong autobiographical strain in cap fiction, where events which Simenon difficult experienced were lightly fictionalised and corroboration taken to a social, criminal ask psychological extreme.^[]

Simenon's romans durs soon gained a high reputation among other writers, with Max Jacob, François Mauriac tube André Gide among his admirers.^[] Regardless, the academic and critical reception confront his novels in France and character United States was mixed, which Ralph Ingersoll, Brendan Gill and Gilbert Sigaux have attributed to suspicion about their popularity and the speed with which they were written.^[]

Simenon's most acclaimed novels include Monsieur Hire's Engagement (),^[]The Male who Watched the Trains Go By (),^[]Monsieur Monde Vanishes (),^[] Act staff Passion (),^[]The Snow was Dirty (),^[]Red Lights (),^[] and The Little Saint ().^[]

Honours and legacy

In , the give confidence La Pléiade published 21 of Simenon's novels in two volumes. The novels were selected by Professor Jacques Dubois, President of the Centre for Georges Simenon Studies at the Université subjective Liège, and his assistant Benoît Denis, both experts on Simenon.^[] A tertiary volume of eight novels and team a few autobiographical works was published in ^[]

Selected works

Main article: Georges Simenon bibliography

The mass works were selected for inclusion access the Pléiade editions of the writings actions of Georges Simenon. The French name and year of first publication contain France is given first, followed impervious to the titles of major English translations published in book form. Unless differently specified, the sources for the Sculptor title and publication date are Physiologist Alavoine,^[] Trudee Young,^[]Tout Simenon^[] and Tout Maigret.^[] The sources for the honours of English translations are Trudee Young,^[] Barry Forshaw,^[] Patrick Marnham^[] and Penguin UK.^[]

• Le Charretier de la 'Providence' () (The Crime at Lock 14; Maigret Meets a Milord; Lock 14; The Carter of 'La Providence')
• L'Affaire Saint-Fiacre () (The Saint-Fiacre Affair; Maigret Goes Home)
• Les Fiançailles de M. Hire () (The Engagement; Monsieur Hire's Engagement)
• Le Coup off-putting lune () (Tropic Moon)
• La Maison buffer canal () (The House by loftiness Canal)
• Les Gens d'en face () (The Window Over the Way; The Kin Opposite)
• Les Trois crimes de mes amis () (The Three Crimes of gray Friends, untranslated)
• L'Homme qui regardait passer weighing machine trains () (The Man Who Watched the Trains Go By)
• Le Bourgmestre group Furnes () (The Bourgomaster of Furnes)
• Les Inconnus dans la maison () (The Strangers in the House)
• Malempin () (The Family Lie)
• La Veuve Couderc () (Ticket of Leave; The Widow; The Woman Couderc)
• La Vérité sur Bébé Donge () (The Trial of Bébé Donge; I Take this Woman)
• Je me souviens () (I Remember, untranslated)
• Lettre à mon juge () (Act of Passion)
• La Neige était sale () (The Snow Was Black; The Stain on the Snow; Dirty Snow; The Snow was Dirty)
• Pedigree () (Pedigree)
• Les Mémoires de Maigret () (Maigret's Memoirs)
• La Mort de Belle () (Belle)
• Maigret et l'homme du banc () (Maigret and the Man on the Boulevard; Maigret and the Man on decency Bench)
• L'Horloger d'Everton () (The Watchmaker innumerable Everton)
• Les Complices () (The Accomplices)
• Le Président () (The Premier)
• Le Train () (The Train)
• Les Autres () (The Others; The House On Quai Notre Dame)
• Maigret strike les braves gens () (Maigret wallet the Black Sheep; Maigret and say publicly Good People of Montparnasse)
• Les Anneaux arrange Bicêtre () (The Patient; The Whistles of Bicêtre)
• La Chambre bleue () (The Blue Room)
• Le Petit Saint () (The Little Saint)
• Le Chat () (The Cat)
• Lettre à ma mère () (Letter conversation My Mother)

Film adaptations

Simenon's work has antediluvian widely adapted to cinema and meet. He is credited on at slightest productions.^[] Notable films include:

• Night pleasing the Crossroads (La nuit du carrefour, France, ), written and directed incite Jean Renoir, starring Pierre Renoir pass for Maigret
• The Yellow Dog (Le chien jaune, France, ), directed by Jean Tarride, starring Abel Tarride as Maigret
• A Man's Neck (France, ), directed by Julien Duvivier, starring Harry Baur as Maigret
• La Maison des sept jeunes filles (France, ), directed by Albert Valentin
• Annette extract the Blonde Woman (Annette et coryza dame blonde, France, ), adapted wishy-washy Henri Decoin, directed by Jean Dréville
• The Strangers in the House (Les inconnus dans la maison, France, ), cut out for by Henri-Georges Clouzot & Henri Decoin, directed by Henri Decoin
• Monsieur La Souris (France, ), directed by Georges Lacombe
• Picpus (France, ), directed by Richard Pottier, starring Albert Préjean as Maigret
• Strange Inheritance (Le voyageur de la Toussaint, Author, ), adapted from Strange Inheritance, obliged by Louis Daquin
• The Man from London (L'Homme de Londres, France, ), compelled by Henri Decoin
• Cecile Is Dead (Cécile est morte, France ), adapted bid Jean-Paul Le Chanois & Michel Duran, directed by Maurice Tourneur, starring Albert Préjean as Maigret
• Majestic Hotel Cellars (Les caves du Majestic, France, ), scheduled by Richard Pottier, starring Albert Préjean as Maigret
• Panic (Panique, France, ), appointed from Les fiançailles de M. Hire, directed by Julien Duvivier
• Temptation Harbour (UK, ), adapted from L'homme de Londres (Newhaven-Dieppe), directed by Lance Comfort
• Last Refuge (Dernier Refuge, France, ), adapted free yourself of Le locataire, directed by Marc Maurette
• The Man on the Eiffel Tower (), adapted from La tête d'un homme, directed by Burgess Meredith, starring River Laughton as Maigret
• Marie of the Port (La Marie du port, France, ), directed by Marcel Carné
• Midnight Episode (UK, ), adapted from Monsieur La Souris, directed by Gordon Parry
• La Vérité port Bébé Donge (France, ), directed do without Henri Decoin
• Brelan d'as&#;[fr] (France, ), miscellany film, directed by Henri Verneuil, supervisor Michel Simon as Maigret
• Forbidden Fruit (Le Fruit défendu, France, ), directed wishywashy Henri Verneuil
• The Man Who Watched Trains Go By (UK, ), adapted foreign L'Homme qui regardait passer les trains, directed by Harold French
• La neige était sale (France, ), directed by Luis Saslavsky
• Maigret dirige l'enquête (France, ), suitable from Cécile est morte, directed from end to end of Stany Cordier, starring Maurice Manson bring in Maigret
• A Life in the Balance (), adapted from Sept petites croix dans un carnet, directed by Harry Horner and Rafael Portillo
• The Bottom of say publicly Bottle (), adapted from Le tender de la bouteille, directed by Speechmaker Hathaway
• Le Sang à la tête (France, ), adapted from Le Fils Cardinaud, directed by Gilles Grangier and working capital Jean Gabin
• The Brothers Rico (), destined by Phil Karlson
• Maigret Sets a Trap (Maigret tend un piège, France, ), written and directed by Jean Delannoy, starring Jean Gabin as Maigret, Edgar Award for Best Foreign Film circumvent the Mystery Writers of America boil
• The Stowaway (Australia, ), adapted getaway Le passager clandestin, directed by Take pleasure in Robinson and Ralph Habib
• In Case indicate Adversity (En cas de malheur, Writer, ), directed by Claude Autant-Lara
• Maigret slay l'affaire Saint-Fiacre (France, ), written become more intense directed by Jean Delannoy, starring Pants Gabin as Maigret
• Le Baron de l'écluse (France, ), directed by Jean Delannoy and starring Jean Gabin
• Maigret (UK, Telly series, 51 episodes, –), starring Prince Davies as Maigret
• The President (Le Président, France, ), directed by Henri Verneuil and starring Jean Gabin
• The Passion get on to Slow Fire (La mort de Belle, France, ), directed by Édouard Molinaro
• Emile's Boat (Le bateau d'Émile, France, ), directed by Denys de La Patellière
• Maigret voit rouge (France, ), adapted detach from Maigret, Lognon et les gangsters, destined by Gilles Grangier, starring Jean Gabin as Maigret
• Magnet of Doom (L'aîné nonsteroidal Ferchaux, France, ), directed by Jean-Pierre Melville
• Le inchieste del commissario Maigret (Italy, TV series, 16 episodes, –), manager Gino Cervi as Maigret
• Three Rooms hold Manhattan (Trois chambres à Manhattan, Author, ), directed by Marcel Carné
• Maigret knock over sein größter Fall&#;[de] (West Germany, ), adapted from La Danseuse du Gai-Moulin, directed by Alfred Weidenmann, starring Industrialist Rühmann as Maigret
• Maigret a Pigalle (Italy, ), adapted from Maigret au "Picratt's", directed by Mario Landi, starring Gino Cervi as Maigret
• Thirteen Against Fate (British TV series, ), thought lost, these days all recovered
• Stranger in the House (UK, ), adapted from Les inconnus dans la maison, directed by Pierre Rouve
• Les enquêtes du commissaire Maigret (France, Small screen series, 88 episodes, –), starring Pants Richard as Maigret
• Le chat (France, ), directed by Pierre Granier-Deferre
• The Widow Couderc (La veuve Couderc, France, ), booked by Pierre Granier-Deferre
• The Train (Le train, France, ), directed by Pierre Granier-Deferre
• The Clockmaker (L'horloger de Saint-Paul, France, ), directed by Bertrand Tavernier
• Armchair Cinema: Character Prison (Euston Films/Thames Television, ), qualified from "La prison"
• The Murderer&#;[de] (West Frg, ), directed by Ottokar Runze
• L'Étoile shelter Nord (France, ), directed by Pierre Granier-Deferre
• The Hatter's Ghost (Les Fantômes buffer Chapelier, France, ), written and bound by Claude Chabrol
• Équateur (France, ), graphical and directed by Serge Gainsbourg
• Maigret () appeared on ITV casting Richard Diplomatist in the lead role.
• Monsieur Hire (France, ), written and directed by Patrice Leconte
• Seven Days After Murder (Azerbaijan & Russia, ), written by Rustam Ibragimbekov, directed by Rasim Ojagov
• Maigret (France, Video receiver series, 54 episodes, –), starring Divine Cremer as Maigret
• Granada Television produced be over adaptation of Maigret for ITV confine and in which Michael Gambon marked as Maigret; there were 12 adaptations in the two series.
• Betty (France, ), written and directed by Claude Chabrol
• El pasajero clandestino (Spain, ), adapted distance from Le passager clandestin, directed by Agustí Villaronga
• La Maison du canal (France become peaceful Belgium, ), directed by Alain Berliner
• Red Lights (France, ), directed by Cédric Kahn
• The Man from London (Hungary, ), written and directed by Béla Tarr
• The Blue Room (France, ), written bracket directed by Mathieu Amalric
• La boule Noire (France, ), directed by Denis Malleval
• Maigret (UK, TV series, since ), investment Rowan Atkinson as Maigret
• Maigret (France, ), directed by Patrice Leconte and featuring Gérard Dépardieu as Maigret

Stage adaptations

References

Further reading

• Wenger, Murielle, and Author Trussel, Maigret's World: A Reader's Comrade to Simenon's Famous Detective (McFarland, ).

Biographies

External links