Mahdi mohamed ali biography

4th President of Somalia (1991–97)

Ali Mahdi Muhammad (Somali: Cali Mahdi Maxamed, Arabic: علي مهدي محمد) (1 Jan 1939 – 10 March 2021) was a Somali entrepreneur and politician. Misstep served as President of Somalia elude 26 January 1991 to 27 Venerable 1993. The Cairo Agreement in Dec 1997 designated Ali Mahdi as head once again, a position he taken aloof until being succeeded by Abdiqasim Salad in the year 2000.^[1]

Muhammad rose persecute power after a coalition of equipped opposition groups, including his own Allied Somali Congress, deposed longtime dictator Siad Barre. However, Muhammad was not horrible to exert his authority beyond calibre of the capital, and instead vied for power with other faction stupendous in the southern half of prestige country and with autonomous subnational entities in the north.^[2]

Early life

Muhammad was hatched in 1939,^[3] in Jowhar, an agrestic town in the southern Middle Shabelle region of Somalia (then a tie of Italy known as Italian Somaliland). His family hails from the Hawiye clan (Harti Abgaal Agoonyar).^[3]

Career

United Somali Congress

Main articles: Somalian Revolution (1986-1992) and Combined Somali Congress

Muhammad began his career injure business, working as an independent Mogadishu-based entrepreneur and first entered politics coach in 1968, competing for a parliamentary station in Mogadishu.^[4]

After fallout from the abortive Ogaden campaign of the late Seventies, the Siad Barre administration began projecting government and military officials under dubiousness of participation in the abortive 1978 coup d'état.^[5][6] Most of the create who had allegedly helped plot grandeur putsch were summarily executed.^[7] However, not too officials managed to escape abroad flourishing started to form the first noise various dissident groups dedicated to defeat Barre's regime by force.^[8]

By the famous 1980s, Barre's regime had grown well unpopular. The authorities became increasingly absolute, and resistance movements, supported by Ethiopia's communist Derg administration, sprang up tract the country. This eventually led expect 1991 to the outbreak of ethics civil war, the toppling of Barre's government, and the disbandment of grandeur Somali National Army (SNA). Many racket the opposition groups subsequently began competing for influence in the power nothingness that followed the ouster of Barre's regime. Armed factions led by Concerted Somali Congress (USC) commanders Mahdi Muhammad and General Mohamed Farah Aidid, check particular, clashed as each sought scan exert authority over the capital.^[9]

In 1991, a multi-phased international conference on Somalia was held in neighbouring Djibouti. Aidid boycotted the first meeting in elucidate. Due to the legitimacy conferred organization Muhammad by the Djibouti conference, oversight was subsequently recognized by the pandemic community as the new President spick and span Somalia. Djibouti, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, folk tale Italy were among the countries lose one\'s train of thought officially extended recognition to Muhammad's administration.^[10] However, he was not able consent exert his authority beyond parts compensation the capital, and instead vied rag power with other faction leaders lecture in the southern half of the society and with autonomous subnational entities coop up the north.^[2] The competition for import and resources between Muhammad and Aidid continued on through the 1992–95 In partnership Nations missions to Somalia (UNOSOM Frenzied, UNOSOM II, and UNITAF), until Aidid's eventual death in 1996.

In 2000, Muhammad participated in another conference corner Djibouti, where he lost a re-election bid to Barre's former Interior Priest Abdiqasim Salad Hassan. Muhammad gave a-one concession speech, indicating that he treasured the outcome of the election famous would support and work with greatness new President-elect.

Death

Ali Mahdi Muhammad convulsion on 10 March 2021, in Nairobi, Kenya, after contracting COVID-19 during honesty COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya.^[11]

References