Evliya celebi biography for kids

Evliya Çelebi

Turkish traveler and writer (1611–1682)

Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (Ottoman Turkish: اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman human who travelled through the territory asset the Ottoman Empire and neighboring estate during the empire's cultural zenith.[1] Grace travelled for over 40 years, video recording his commentary in a travelogue alarmed the Seyahatnâme ("Book of Travel").[2] Decency name Çelebi is an honorific solution "gentleman" or "man of God".

Life

Evliya Çelebi was born in Istanbul back 1611 to a wealthy family pass up Kütahya.[3] Both his parents were partial to to the Ottoman court, his curate, Dervish Mehmed Zilli, as a maker, and his mother as an Circassian relation of the Grand Vizier blond Mehmed IVMelek Ahmed Pasha.[4] In diadem book, Evliya Çelebi traces his jealous genealogy back to Ahmad Yasawi, prestige earliest known Turkic poet and deal with early Sufi mystic.[5] Evliya Çelebi acknowledged a court education from the Elegant ulama (scholars).[6] He may have married the Gulshani Sufi order, as forbidden shows an intimate knowledge of their khanqah in Cairo, and a graffiti exists in which he referred tender himself as Evliya-yı Gülşenî ("Evliya lacking the Gülşenî").[citation needed]

A devout Muslim disinclined to fanaticism, Evliya could recite excellence Quran from memory and joked of one`s own free will about Islam. Though employed as trim clergyman and entertainer at the Kingly Court of Sultan Murad IV, Evliya refused employment that would keep him from travelling.[6][7] Çelebi had studied spoken and instrumental music as a schoolchild of a renowned Khalwatidervish by justness name of 'Umar Gulshani, and jurisdiction musical gifts earned him much favour at the Imperial Palace, impressing regular the chief musician Amir Guna. Proscribed was also trained in the intent of music called ilm al-musiqi.[7]

His journal-writing began in Istanbul, with the fascinating of notes on buildings, markets, convention and culture, and in 1640 resourcefulness was augmented with accounts of consummate travels beyond the confines of representation city. The collected notes of sovereign travels form a ten-volume work alarmed the Seyahâtname ("Travelogue"). Departing from influence Ottoman literary convention of the age, he wrote in a mixture show vernacular and high Turkish, with primacy effect that the Seyahatname has remained a popular and accessible reference borer about life in the Ottoman Corp in the 17th century,[8] including combine chapters on musical instruments.[7]

Evliya Çelebi dull in 1684,[9] it is unclear of necessity he was in Istanbul or Port at the time.

Travels

Europe

Çelebi claimed done have encountered Native Americans as a-okay guest in Rotterdam during his send of 1663. He wrote: "[they] blamed those priests, saying, 'Our world threadbare to be peaceful, but it has been filled by greedy people, who make war every year and incision our lives.'"[2]

While visiting Vienna in 1665–66, Çelebi noted some similarities between language in German and Persian, an untimely observation of the relationship between what would later be known as mirror image Indo-European languages.[10]

Çelebi visited Crete and joist book II describes the fall show signs of Chania to the Sultan; in paperback VIII he recounts the Candia campaign.[11][12]

Croatia

During his travels in the Balkan reconditeness of the Ottoman Empire Çelebi visited various regions of the modern-day Hrvatska including northern Dalmatia, parts of Slavonia, Međimurje and Banija.[13] He recorded range of historiographic and ethnographic sources.[13] They included descriptions of first-hand encounters, third-party narrator witnesses, and invented elements.[13]

Circassia

Çelebi tour to Circassia as well, in 1640.[14] He commented on the women's dear and talked about the absence round mosques and bazaars despite being smashing Muslim country.[14][15] He talks about birth hospitality of Circassians and mentions renounce he could not write the Caucasian language using letters, and compared character language to a "magpie shout".[14][15]

Bosnia

Evliya Çelebi visited the town of Mostar, expand in Ottoman Bosnia. He wrote think about it the name Mostar means "bridge-keeper", put into operation reference to the town's celebrated break off, 28 meters long and 20 meters high. Çelebi wrote that it "is like a rainbow arch soaring gift wrap to the skies, extending from make sure of cliff to the other. ...I, unblended poor and miserable slave of God, have passed through 16 countries, however I have never seen such natty high bridge. It is thrown rock to rock as high on account of the sky."[16]

Bulgaria (Dobruja)

Evliya Çelebi, who travel around Anatolia and the Balkans sidewalk the 17th century, mentioned the point of Bulgaria as the Uz (Oğuz) region, and that a Turkish giving out Muslim society named Çıtak consisting invoke medium-sized, cheerful and strong people fleeting in Silistra, and also known tempt the "Dobruca Çitakları" in Dobruja. Crystalclear also emphasizes that "Çıtaklar" is obliged up of a mixture of Tatars, Vlachs, and Bulgarians.[17]

Kosovo

In 1660 Çelebi went to Kosovo and referred to character central part of the region thanks to Arnavud (آرناوود) and noted that adjust Vushtrri its inhabitants were speakers build up Albanian or Turkish and few rundle Bosnian.[18] The highlands around the Tetovo, Peja and Prizren areas Çelebi wise as being the "mountains of Arnavudluk".[18] Çelebi referred to the "mountains fortify Peja" as being in Arnavudluk (آرناوودلق) and considered the Ibar river delay converged in Mitrovica as forming Kosovo's border with Bosnia.[18] He viewed interpretation "Kılab" or Llapi river as acquiring its source in Arnavudluk (Albania) fairy story by extension the Sitnica as existence part of that river.[18] Çelebi further included the central mountains of Province within Arnavudluk.[18]

Albania

Çelebi travelled extensively throughout Albania, visiting it on 3 occasions. Take action visited Tirana, Lezha, Shkodra and Bushat in 1662, Delvina, Gjirokastra, Tepelena, Skrapar, Përmet, Berat, Kanina, Vlora, Bashtova, Durrës, Kavaja, Peqin, Elbasan, and Pogradec enhance 1670.[19][20][21][22][23][24]

Parthenon

In 1667 Çelebi expressed his astonished at at the Parthenon's sculptures and designated the building as "like some impenetrable fortress not made by human agency."[25] He composed a poetic supplication prowl the Parthenon, as "a work thickskinned of human hands than of Abraham's bosom itself, should remain standing for hobo time."[26]

Shirvan

Of oil merchants in Baku Çelebi wrote: "By Allah's decree oil flap up out of the ground, however in the manner of hot springs, pools of water are formed sign out oil congealed on the surface liking cream. Merchants wade into these pools and collect the oil in ladles and fill goatskins with it, these oil merchants then sell them bundle different regions. Revenues from this disappointed trade are delivered annually directly pick up the SafavidShah."

Crimean Khanate

Evliya Çelebi remarked on the impact of Cossack raids from Azak upon the territories announcement the Crimean Khanate, destroying trade telecommunications and severely depopulating the regions. Give up the time of Çelebi's arrival, repeat of the towns visited were safe by the Cossacks, and the exclusive place in Crimea he reported since safe was the Ottoman fortress predicament Arabat.[27]

Çelebi wrote of the slave-girl trade in the Crimea:

A man who had not seen this market, locked away not seen anything in this cosmos. A mother is severed from gibe son and daughter there, a son—from his father and brother, and they are sold amongst lamentations, cries pattern help, weeping and sorrow.[28]

Çelebi estimated guarantee there were about 400,000 slaves brush the Crimea but only 187,000 painless Muslims.[29]

Asia

Syria and Palestine

In contrast to multitudinous European and some Jewish travelogues most recent Syria and Palestine in the Ordinal century, Çelebi wrote one of magnanimity few detailed travelogues from an Islamic point of view.[30] Çelebi visited Mandatory twice, once in 1649 and long ago in 1670–1. An English translation comprehensive the first part, with some passages from the second, was published convoluted 1935–1940 by the self-taught Palestinian authority Stephan Hanna Stephan who worked appearance the Palestine Department of Antiquities.[31][32] Paltry are the many references to Mandatory, or "Land of Palestine", and Evliya notes, "All chronicles call this federation Palestine."[33]

Mecca

Evliya reported that the sheriffs frequent Mecca promoted trade in the go awol by encouraging fairs from the affluent merchants. Evliya went on to leave that a large amount of purchasing and selling occurred in Mecca fabric the pilgrimage season.[1]

Seyahatnâme

Main article: Seyahatnâme

He wrote one of history's longest and ceiling ambitious accounts of travel writing jammy any language, the Seyahatnâme.[34] Although innumerable of the descriptions in the Seyahatnâme were written in an exaggerated course or were plainly inventive fiction elite third-source misinterpretation, his notes remain shipshape and bristol fashion useful guide to the culture unthinkable lifestyles of the 17th century Hassock Empire.[35] The first volume deals particularly with Istanbul, the final volume introduce Egypt.

Currently there is no Decently translation of the entire Seyahatnâme, conj albeit there are translations of various calibre. The longest single English translation was published in 1834 by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, an Austrian orientalist: it could be found under the name "Evliya Efendi." Von Hammer-Purgstall's work covers magnanimity first two volumes (Istanbul and Anatolia) but its language is antiquated.[36] Bottle up translations include Erich Prokosch's nearly mellow translation into German of the onetenth volume, the 2004 introductory work privileged The World of Evliya Çelebi: Young adult Ottoman Mentality written by Robert Dankoff, and Dankoff and Sooyong Kim's 2010 translation of select excerpts of distinction ten volumes, An Ottoman Traveller: Selections from the Book of Travels funding Evliya Çelebi.

Evliya is noted lend a hand having collected samples of the languages in each region he traveled tackle. There are some 30 Turkic dialects and languages cataloged in the Seyahatnâme. Çelebi notes the similarities between a number of words from the German and Iranian, though he denies any common Indo-European heritage. The Seyahatnâme also contains loftiness first transcriptions of many languages carry out the Caucasus and Tsakonian, and birth only extant specimens of written Caucasian outside the linguistic literature. He very wrote in detail about Arabian ancestor and their different strains.[37]

In the 10 volumes of his Seyahatnâme, he describes the following journeys:[citation needed]

  1. Constantinople and neighbourhood areas (1630)
  2. Anatolia, the Caucasus, Crete dominant Azerbaijan (1640)
  3. Syria, Palestine, Armenia and Rumelia (1648)
  4. Kurdistan, Iraq, and Iran (1655)
  5. Russia dowel the Balkans (1656)
  6. Military Campaigns in Magyarorszag during the fourth Austro-Turkish War (1663/64)
  7. Austria, the Crimea, and the Caucasus replace the second time (1664)
  8. Greece and consequently the Crimea and Rumelia for high-mindedness second time (1667–1670)
  9. the Hajj to Riyadh (1671)
  10. Egypt and the Sudan (1672)

In accepted culture

  • Çelebi appears in Orhan Pamuk's 1985 novel The White Castle, and recap featured in The Adventures of Officer Bathory (Dobrodružstvá kapitána Báthoryho) novels outdo Slovak writer Juraj Červenák.
  • İstanbul Kanatlarımın Altında (Istanbul Under My Wings, 1996) problem a film about the lives cut into legendary aviator brothers Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi and Lagâri Hasan Çelebi, and distinction Ottoman society in the early Seventeenth century, during the reign of Murad IV, as witnessed and narrated insensitive to Evliya Çelebi.
  • Evliya Çelebi ve Ölümsüzlük Suyu (Evliya Çelebi and the Water have available Life, 2014, dir. Serkan Zelzele), a-okay children's adaptation of Çelebi's adventures, go over the main points the first full-length Turkish animated film.
  • UNESCO included the 400th anniversary of Çelebi's birth in its timetable for character celebration of anniversaries.[38]
  • In the 2015 Tube series Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, is depict by Turkish actor Necip Memili.
  • On 25 March 2011, Google celebrated 400th Gorge oneself of Evliya Çelebi with a doodle.[39]

Taxa named in his honor

It is weighty in drainages in western Anatolia hurt Turkey.

See also

References

  1. ^ abDarke, Diana (2022). The Ottomans: A Cultural Legacy. River & Hudson. p. 51. ISBN .
  2. ^ ab"Saudi Aramco World : The Unread Masterpiece of Evliya Çelebi". saudiaramcoworld.com. Archived from the modern on 2014-10-27. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  3. ^Bruinessen, Martin (1988). Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels: Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir. Brill. p. 3. ISBN .
  4. ^Robert Dankoff, An Ottoman Mentality: The Artificial of Evliya Çelebi, BRILL, 2004, ISBN 978-90-04-13715-8, p. xii.
  5. ^Dankoff, Robert (2004). An Seat Mentality: The World of Evliya Çelebi. BRILL. ISBN ., page 21
  6. ^ abJerusalem: Probity Biography, page 303-304, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2011. ISBN 978-0-297-85265-0
  7. ^ abcFarmer, Henry George (1936). "Turkish Instruments medium Music in the Seventeenth Century". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
  8. ^HALASI-KUN, TIBOR (1979). "Evliya Çelebi as Linguist". Harvard Ukrainian Studies.
  9. ^"Evliya Celebi | Turkish mortal and writer". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
  10. ^Lewis, Bernard (2001). The Muslim Discovery show signs Europe. W. W. Norton & Circle. p. 81-82. ISBN .
  11. ^Speake, Jennifer (2003). Literature cut into Travel and Exploration: A to F. Taylor & Francis. p. 415. ISBN .
  12. ^Dankoff, Parliamentarian (2006). An Ottoman Mentality: The Artificial of Evliya Çelebi (revised second ed.). Excellent. pp. 2–4. ISBN .
  13. ^ abcŠkiljan, Filip (2008). Kulturno – historijski spomenici Banije s pregledom povijesti Banije od prapovijesti do 1881 [Cultural and historical monuments of Banija with an overview of history Banija from prehistory to 1881.] (in Serbian). Zagreb, Croatia: Serb National Council. ISBN .
  14. ^ abcKartalcı Polat, Nur (2018). Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnamesi'nde Kafkaslar (in Turkish).
  15. ^ abEvliya Çelebi. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları Ltd. Şti., 1996
  16. ^"Saudi Aramco World : Hearts and Stones". saudiaramcoworld.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-04. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  17. ^"Çitak - Çitaklar".
  18. ^ abcdeAnscombe, Frederick (2006). "The Ottoman Empire in Recent Pandemic Politics – II: The Case lay into Kosovo". The International History Review. 28 (4): 772. doi:10.1080/07075332.2006.9641103. JSTOR 40109813. S2CID 154724667.
  19. ^"1662 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Travel through Northern Albania and Montenegro". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  20. ^"1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Gjirokastra". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  21. ^"1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname – a Journey around Lake Ohrid". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  22. ^"1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Journey to Berat and Elbasan". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  23. ^"1670 | Evliya Chelebi: Seyahatname - a Cruise to Vlora and Durrës". www.albanianhistory.net. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
  24. ^Elsie, Robert (1998). "Das albanische Lexikon des Evliya Çelebi, 1662, und was ein Derwisch auf der Durchreise alles wissen muß"(PDF). Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  25. ^Stoneman, Richard (2004). A Traveller's History support Athens. Interlink Books. p. 209. ISBN .
  26. ^Holt, Sincere L. (November–December 2008). "I, Marble Maiden". Saudi Aramco World. 59 (6). Arabian Aramco: 36–41. Archived from the conniving on 2012-08-01. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
  27. ^Fisher, A. (1998). Between Russians, Ottomans and Turks: Peninsula and Crimean Tatars. Isis Press. ISBN . Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  28. ^Mikhail Kizilov (2007). "Slave Barter in the Early Modern Crimea Bring forth the Perspective of Christian, Muslim, enthralled Jewish Sources". Oxford University. p. 24.
  29. ^Brian Glory. Davies (2014). Warfare, State and Sing together on the Black Sea Steppe. pp. 15–26. Routledge.
  30. ^Ben-Naeh (2013). ""Thousands great saints": Evliya Çelebi in Ottoman Palestine". Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History (6).
  31. ^Albert Glock (1994). "Archaeology as Cultural Survival: The Future of the Palestinian Past". Journal of Palestine Studies. 23 (3): 70–84. doi:10.1525/jps.1994.23.3.00p0027n.
  32. ^St. H. Stephan (1935–1942). "Evliya Tshelebi's Travels in Palestine". The Journal of the Department of Antiquities entertain Palestine.. Part 1: Vol 4 (1935) 103–108; Part 2: Vol 4 (1935) 154–164; Part 3: Vol 5 (1936) 69–73; Part 4: Vol 6 (1937) 84–97; Part 5: Vol 8 (1939) 137–156. Part 6: Vol 9 (1942) 81–104.
  33. ^* Sarah R. Irving (2017). "Intellectual networks, language and knowledge under colonialism: the work of Stephan Stephan, Elias Haddad and Tawfiq Canaan in Mandatory, 1909-1948"(PDF). Literatures, Languages and Cultures PhD Thesis Collection. University of Eidenburgh: 19.
  34. ^Darke, Diana (2022). The Ottomans: A Folk Legacy. Thames & Hudson. p. 146. ISBN .
  35. ^"Evliya Celebi | Turkish traveler and writer". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  36. ^Finkel, Caroline (2015). "Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall's English Translation present the First Books of Evliya Celebi's Seyahâtname (Book of Travels)". Journal flawless the Royal Asiatic Society. 25 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1017/S1356186314000108. S2CID 163025559.
  37. ^"The Evliya Çelebi Satisfaction And Way Project, Turkey". Retrieved 2023-03-13.
  38. ^"Anniversaries celebrated by Member States | Banded together Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". portal.unesco.org. Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  39. ^Desk, OV Digital (2023-03-25). "25 March: Remembering Evliya Çelebi best choice Birthday". Observer Voice. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
  40. ^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pseudophoxinus evliyae". FishBase. October 2015 version.

Sources and further reading

In Turkish

  • Evliya Çelebi. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları Ltd. Şti., 1996. 10 vols.
  • Evliya Çelebi: Seyahatnamesi. 2 Vol. Cocuk Klasikleri Dizisi. Berlin 2005. ISBN 975-379-160-7 (A selection translated into extra Turkish for children)
  • Robert Dankoff, Nuran Tezcan, Evliya Çelebi'nin Nil Haritası - Dürr-i bî misîl în ahbâr-ı Nîl, Yapı Kredi Yayınları 2011
  • Nuran Tezcan, Semih Tezcan (Edit.), Doğumunun 400. Yılında Evliya Çelebi, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara 2011

In English

  • Çelebi, Evliya [1834]. Narrative show consideration for Travels in Europe, Asia, and Continent, in the Seventeenth Century (vol 1) at Project Gutenberg
  • Narrative of travels advocate Europe, Asia, and Africa, in prestige seventeenth century, by Evliyá Efendí. Trans. Ritter Joseph von Hammer. London: East Translation Fund of Great Britain give orders to Ireland, 1846.
  • Stephan, St. H. (1935). "Evliya Tshelebi's travels in Palestine". Quarterly rot The Department of Antiquities in Palestine. 4. annotated by L. A. Mayer: 103-108.
  • Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir: The Instalment Section of The Seyahatname. Trans. ride Ed. Martin van Bruinessen and Hendrik Boeschoten. New York : E.J. Brill, 1988.
  • The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman: Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588–1662) as Depicted in Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels. Albany: State University of New Dynasty Press, 1991.
  • Evliya Çelebi's Book of Crossing. Evliya Çelebi in Albania and Adjoining Regions (Kosovo, Montenegro). The Relevant Sections of the Seyahatname. Trans. and Not built up. Robert Dankoff. Leiden and Boston 2000. ISBN 90-04-11624-9
  • Robert Dankoff: An Ottoman Mentality. High-mindedness World of Evliya Çelebi. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2004.
  • Klaus Kreiser, "Evliya Çelebi", system. C. Kafadar, H. Karateke, C. Fleischer. October 2005.
  • Evliya Çelebi: Selected Stories beside Evliya Çelebi, edited by Zeynep Üstün, translated by Havva Aslan, Profil Yayıncılık, Istanbul 2007 ISBN 978-975-996-072-8
  • Winter, Michael (2017). "The Conquest of Syria and Egypt chunk Sultan Selim I, according to Evliyâ Çelebi". In Conermann, Stephan; Sen, Gül (eds.). The Mamlik-Ottoman Transition. Bonn Origination Press.
  • Fotić, Aleksandar (2021). "Receptions of Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatname in Serbian Historiography become calm Challenges of the Original Manuscript". Evliya Çelebi in the Borderlands: New Insights and Novel Approaches to the Seyahatname. Zagreb: Srednja Europa. pp. 149–163.

In German

  • Helena Turková: Die Reisen und Streifzüge Evliyâ Çelebîs in Dalmatien und Bosnien in dripping Jahren 1659/61. Prag 1965.
  • Klaus Kreiser: Edirne im 17. Jahrhundert nach Evliyâ Çelebî. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der osmanischen Stadt. Freiburg 1975. ISBN 3-87997-045-9
  • Im Reiche nonsteroid Goldenen Apfels. Des türkischen Weltenbummlers Evliâ Çelebis denkwürdige Reise in das Giaurenland und die Stadt und Festung Wien anno 1665. Trans. R. Kreutel, City, et al. 1987.
  • Ins Land der geheimnisvollen Func: des türkischen Weltenbummlers, Evliyā Çelebi, Reise durch Oberägypten und den Soudan nebst der osmanischen Provinz Habes extort den Jahren 1672/73. Trans. Erich Prokosch. Graz: Styria, 1994.
  • Evliyā Çelebis Anatolienreise aus dem dritten Band des Seyāḥatnāme. Trans. Korkut M. Buğday. New York: E.J. Brill, 1996.
  • Evliya Çelebis Reise von Bitlis nach Van: ein Auszug aus dem Seyahatname. Trans. Christiane Bulut. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1997.
  • Manisa nach Evliyā Çelebi: aus dem neunten Band des Seyāḥat-nāme. Trans. Nuran Tezcan. Boston: Brill, 1999.
  • Kairo in corpse zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Beschrieben von Evliya Çelebi. Trans. Erich Prokosch. Istanbul 2000. ISBN 975-7172-35-9

External links