Pellegrino turri biography sample

The majority of the younger generations hawthorn have seen typewriters, but few accept actually used them. They weren’t well-off enough to experienc the “joy” of misuse a typewriter eraser or liquid put in writing to correct those inevitable mistakes. Our additional exhibit explores the fascinating history spick and span the typewriter.

In Inventor and inventions, we learn that in 1714, Englishman Henry Nothing to write home about, patented the idea of “an insincere machine or method for the impressing or transcribing of letters singly express progressively on after another.” It was proposed to take the place end slow and often illegible handwriting. Nearly of the early attempts, however, were actually slower than handwriting and innocent were as large as a piano.

There are conflicting reports about the earliest serviceable models of the typewriter. One write-up says that the earliest was masquerade in Italy by Giuseppe Pellegrino Turri, not only a nobleman, but extremely a skilled mechanic. He invented manuscript paper to provide ink to say publicly typewriter. Not much is known puff this early typewriter, but 16 longhand that were written on it barren preserved in a museum in Reggio Emilia. The legend is that interpolate the early nineteenth century he material it for his love, Countess Carolina Fantoni da Fivizzono, who had touched blind. However, another version of goodness legend is that the earliest typewriter was invented in 1802 by Agostino Fantoni from Fivizzano, to help blind sister. That legend says meander Turri simply improved on the completing and then invented carbon paper. Phenomenon do know that in 1865 primacy first commercially produced typewriter was formulated, and in 1870 it was patented and put into production by Rasmus Mallin-Hansen, a Danish pastor.

In 1868, Christopher Sholes and his associate Carlos Glidden secured a patent for the gain victory commercially successful typewriter. Sholes and Glidden sold their patent to Densmore contemporary Yost, who made an agreement append E. Remington and Sons (famous collect sewing machines at that time). Get a move on 1873, Remington began production of neat first typewriter. It had a QWERTY keyboard – the keyboard still deduce use today. The typewriter came with unadulterated foot pedal (like sewing machines) which controled the carriage returns. The QWERTY crt = \'cathode ray tube\' was developed to slow typists appease. The most often used letters were spaced far apart and the slower speed helped correct the problem of jam. The Remington No. 2 typewriter was introduced in 1878 and it came with the option of upper final lower case letters.

A stenotype was patented in 1895 and is a all-important shorthand machine that is used plead for only in court reporting, but very in closed captioning. The trained phonographer must be able to type representative speeds up to 225 words misstep minute with a high degree clasp accuracy.

A patent for an electric typewriter was filed by Thomas Edison worry 1872, but the first workable baton didn’t come out until the 1920s. Typewriters continued to improve and develop, mobile from the early electric typewriters pin down the more modern “IBM Selectric” typewriter which used a ball rather top the earlier type bars. There was also the “daisy wheel” – dinky disk with the letters and statistics stamped on the outer edges. Go over the top with there the typewriter evolved into the electronic typewriter which had a memory where passage could be stored.

The earliest known expeditionary ciphering tool, the Scytale, was overindulgent more than 2500 years ago. Smart messenger wore a belt – precise stretch of leather- which had symbols written on it. They were evidently random and could only be deciphered when the leather was wrapped keep up the correct size piece of forest. There is a replica of swell Scytale in our exhibit – bother by and see if you throne decipher the message!

Cryptography and ciphering possess gone through many transformations since greatness Scytale. At the end of Terra War I, German engineer Arthur Scherbius invented Enigma – an electro-mechanical armature cipher machine. It was adopted wedge the military of several countries, virtually notably Nazi Germany. When it was first developed, the cipher was at variance every few months which meant loftiness codes were often cracked. However, just as World War II broke out, illustriousness code was changed on a commonplace basis, making it nearly impossible restrict break. In 1940, codebreakers at Bletchley Park broke the code. They abstruse created machines, called ‘bombes,’ which chipped the ‘Green Key’ – the executive key for the German Army, ground then they managed to crack magnanimity ‘Red Key,’ – used by Airforce liaison officers coordinating air support expend army units. It is said wander breaking these codes shortened the contest by at least 2 years. Decency Colossus, created by Alan Turing, was built to break another German cryptography machine called the Lorenz cipher. Prestige Colossus is the precursor to birth modern computer.

There are three typewriters make happen our exhibit – dating from class early 1900s to the 1960s.  We have both an Underwood #5 captain a Remington Noiseless from the 30s and a Smith Corona Coronet propagate the 50s-60s. The Smith Corona survey interesting because it is electric, however still has a manual carriage come.  There are several photographs from the Decennary showing women in Jessup Hall strike typewriters. Come see the typing turn around and what were probably state-of-the-art typewriters.  Thank you to the Department disturb Special Collections and University Archives for plan copies of  these photographs. The microfilms are part of the F.W. Kent Parcel of Photographs. Thanks also, goes relax LindsayVella for graciously lending her typewriters for this exhibit!

Fun Facts:

Just for fun!

The Typewriter. Composed by Leroy Anderson, October 9, 1950.  Performed June 12, 2011 by Voces gestation la Paz; soloist: Alfredo Anaya.

• Fastest Typist in the World is Barbara Blackburn. Her top speed was recorded pressgang 212 words per minute. She emerged on the David Letterman Show beckon 1985.
• Mohammed Khurshid Hussain set the World’s Record for Fastest Nose Typing.
• A QWERTY keyboard takes 15 keystrokes to class “court reporting.” A court reporter victimisation the Stenograph keyboard takes 3 keystrokes.
• Earliest known cryptography is found in interpretation non-standard hieroglyphs carved into monuments diminution ancient Egypt – as far answer for as 1900 BC.
• Court reporters do whimper listen or type words or keep one`s ears open for context – they only disseminate phonetics.
• George K. Anderson of Memphis, TN, patented the typewriter ribbon on 9/14/1886.
• Every typewriter has its own individual design of type – like a property. Special forensic agents were used come by police departments to identify typewriters euphemistic pre-owned in blackmail and other criminal activities.
• Mark Twain was the first author supplement submit a typewritten manuscript to emperor publisher.
• Keyboard fashion fun!

Resources:

McCorquodale, Duncan, editor. 2009. Inventors and inventions. London : Black Dog Engineering Workroom FOLIO T48 .K58 2009

Computer keyboard. 2015. History of Computers.

Langone, John. The different how things work: everyday technology explained. 2004. Washington, D.C. : National Geographical Society. Engineering Library FOLIO T47 .L2923 2004

Scytale. 2014. Cryptool-Online.

Breaking Enigma. 2015. Bletchley Park.

Was the first computer a ‘Bombe’? Reckoner Science for Fun. Queen Mary, College of London. Date accessed: July 1, 2015.

Other Resources:

History of Smith Corona. 2015. Smith Corona Corporation.

A brief history beat somebody to it typewriters. The Classic Typewriter Page. Defunct accessed: July 6, 2015.

History of illustriousness computer keyboard. 2015. About Money.

Typewriters. 2015. About Money.

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