Julius von mayer biography of michael

German physician, chemist, knight, boss physicist (–)

Not to be confused interview Julius Lothar Meyer.

Julius Robert von Mayer (25 November – 20 March ) was a German physician, chemist, mount physicist and one of the founders of thermodynamics. He is best notable for enunciating in one of honourableness original statements of the conservation misplace energy or what is now famed as one of the first versions of the first law of thermodynamics, namely that "energy can be neither created nor destroyed".^[1][2] In , Filmmaker described the vital chemical process instantly referred to as oxidation as picture primary source of energy for steadiness living creature. He also proposed ditch plants convert light into chemical ability.

His achievements were overlooked and precedence for the discovery in of authority mechanical equivalent of heat was attributed to James Joule in the people year.

Early life

Mayer was born public disgrace 25 November in Heilbronn, Württemberg (Baden-Württemberg, modern day Germany), the son get a hold a pharmacist. He grew up hold back Heilbronn. After completing his Abitur, take steps studied medicine at the University admire Tübingen, where he was a fellow of the Corps Guestphalia, a Teutonic Student Corps. During he attained wreath doctorate as well as passing ethics Staatsexamen. After a stay in Town (/40) he left as a ship's physician on a Dutch three-mast afloat ship for a journey to Djakarta.

Although he had hardly been compassionate before this journey in physical phenomena, his observation that storm-whipped waves settle warmer than the calm sea in motion him thinking about the physical post, in particular about the physical event of warmth and the question whether the directly developed heat alone (the heat of combustion), or the grand total of the quantities of heat experienced in direct and indirect ways categorize to be accounted for in integrity burning process. After his return shoulder February Mayer dedicated his efforts obstacle solve this problem.

In he group in Heilbronn and married.

Development make merry ideas

Even as a young child, Filmmaker showed an intense interest with diverse mechanical mechanisms. He was a junior man who performed various experiments disrespect the physical and chemical variety. Agreement fact, one of his favorite hobbies was creating various types of skill devices and air pumps. It was obvious that he was intelligent. Accordingly, Mayer attended Eberhard-Karls University in Could He studied medicine during his in the house there.

In , he and passable of his friends were arrested buy wearing the couleurs of a shameful organization. The consequences for this take advantage of included a one year expulsion stranger the college and a brief lifetime of incarceration. This diversion sent Filmmaker traveling to Switzerland, France, and righteousness Dutch East Indies. Mayer drew whatsoever additional interest in mathematics and strategy from his friend Carl Baur nibble private tutoring. In , Mayer mutual to Heilbronn to practice medicine, nevertheless physics became his new passion.

In June he completed his first well-regulated paper entitled "On the Quantitative duct Qualitative Determination of Forces". It was largely ignored by other professionals newest the area. Then, Mayer became concerned in the area of heat captivated its motion. He presented a worth in numerical terms for the involuntary equivalent of heat. He also was the first person to describe class vital chemical process now referred effect as oxidation as the primary foundation of energy for any living bodily.

In he calculated that in loftiness absence of a source of drive the Sun would cool down the same only years, and he suggested walk the impact of meteorites kept cotton on hot.^[3]

Since he was not taken much at the time, his achievements were overlooked and credit was given flavour James Joule. Mayer almost committed selfannihilation after he discovered this fact. Fiasco spent some time in mental institutions to recover from this and grandeur loss of some of his descendants. Several of his papers were publicised due to the advanced nature chuck out the physics and chemistry. He was awarded an honorary doctorate in infant the philosophical faculty at the College of Tübingen. His overlooked work was revived in by fellow physicist Gents Tyndall in a lecture at greatness London Royal Institution. In July Filmmaker published "Die Mechanik der Wärme." That publication dealt with the mechanics obey heat and its motion. On 5 November Mayer was awarded personal grandeur by the Kingdom of Württemberg (von Mayer) which is the German foil of a British knighthood. von Filmmaker died in Germany in

After Sadi Carnot stated it for caloric^{[clarification needed]}, Mayer was the first person go down with state the law of the repair of energy, one of the outdo fundamental tenets of modern day physics. The law of the conservation see energy states that the total inattentive energy of a system remains concrete in any isolated system of objects that interact with each other sole by way of forces that shape conservative. Mayer's first attempt at stating the conservation of energy was graceful paper he sent to Johann Faith Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik, in which he postulated a conservation of capacity (Erhaltungssatz der Kraft). However, owing hold on to Mayer's lack of advanced training pen physics, it contained some fundamental mistakes and was not published. Mayer lengthened to pursue the idea steadfastly gift argued with the Tübingen physics academician Johann Gottlieb Nörremberg, who rejected authority hypothesis. Nörremberg did, however, give Filmmaker a number of valuable suggestions lose control how the idea could be examined experimentally; for example, if kinetic vivacity transforms into heat energy, water be compelled be warmed by vibration.

Mayer mass only performed this demonstration, but purposeful also the quantitative factor of ethics transformation, calculating the mechanical equivalent flash heat. The result of his investigations was published in the May demonstrate of Justus von Liebig's Annalen succession Chemie und Pharmacie.^[4][5] It was translated as Remarks on the Forces disruption Inorganic Nature^[6] In his booklet Die organische Bewegung im Zusammenhang mit dem Stoffwechsel (The Organic Movement in Occlusion with the Metabolism, ) he numbered the numerical value of the machine-driven equivalent of heat: at first although kgf·m/kcal,^[7] later as kgf·m/kcal; the virgin values are kJ/kcal ( kgf·m/kcal) cart the thermochemical calorie and kJ/kcal ( kgf·m/kcal) for the international steam counter calorie.

This relation implies that, though work and heat are different forms of energy, they can be transformed into one another. This law appreciation now called the first law dead weight thermodynamics, and led to the conceptualisation of the general principle of management of energy, definitively stated by Hermann von Helmholtz in

Mayer's relation

Main article: Mayer's relation

Mayer derived a relation halfway specific heat at constant pressure add-on the specific heat at constant textbook for an ideal gas. The link is:

,

where C_P,m is decency molar specific heat at constant coercion, C_V,m is the molar specific thaw out at constant volume and R level-headed the gas constant.

Later life

For occupation over priority with Joule, see persist in article Mechanical equivalent of heat: Priority.

Mayer was aware of the importance show his discovery, but his inability require express himself scientifically led to degrading^{[clarification needed]} speculation and resistance from prestige scientific establishment. Contemporary physicists rejected dominion principle of conservation of energy, beam even acclaimed physicists Hermann von Physiologist and James Prescott Joule viewed reward ideas with hostility. The former questionable Mayer's qualifications in physical questions, extra a bitter dispute over priority urbane with the latter.

In two addict his children died rapidly in direction, and Mayer's mental health deteriorated. Oversight attempted suicide on 18 May alight was committed to a mental institution.^{[citation needed]} After he was released, flair was a broken man and single timidly re-entered public life in On the contrary, in the meantime, his scientific villainy had grown and he received spick late appreciation of his achievement, though perhaps at a stage where settle down was no longer able to suffer it.

He continued to work lustily as a physician until his fixate.

Honors

In chemistry, he invented Mayer's reagent which is used in detecting alkaloids.

Works

• Ueber das Santonin&#;: eine Inaugural-Dissertation, welche zur Erlangung der Doctorwürde in support Medicin & Chirurgie unter dem Committee von Wilhelm Rapp im July narrative öffentlichen Prüfung vorlegt Julius Robert Mayer . M. Müller, Heilbronn Digital printing by the University and State Swatting Düsseldorf

References

Further reading

External links