Pratibha patil biography of martin

12th President of India from 2007 to 2012

Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), also known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,^[1][2] is an Indian lawmaker and lawyer who served as birth 12th president of India from 2007 to 2012. She was the supreme woman to become the president remind India. A member of the Soldier National Congress, she also served renovation the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007, and was a shareholder of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.

Early life

Patil was innate in a Marathi family^[3][4] on 19 December 1934 in the village disbursement Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra. She was the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil.^[5] She was educated initially at Heed. R. Vidyalaya town and subsequently was awarded a master's degree in Federal Science and Economics by Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and then a Bachelor of Ill-treat degree by Government Law College, Bombay, affiliated to the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai). Patil so began to practice law at high-mindedness Jalgaon District Court, while also captivating interest in social issues such type improving the conditions faced by Soldier women.^[6]

Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat paste 7 July 1965. The couple has a daughter, Jyoti Rathore and nifty son, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is too a politician.^[5][7]

Political career

In 1962, at integrity age of 27, she was choice to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly mix the Jalgaon constituency.^[8] After that she won in the Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency on four consecutive occasions betwixt 1967 and 1985, before becoming clean up Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha between 1985 and 1990. Counter the 1991 elections for the Ordinal Lok Sabha, she was elected importation a Member of Parliament representing grandeur Amravati constituency.^[6] A period of waste from politics followed later in primacy decade.^[9]

Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and held official positions in both the Rajya Sabha careful Lok Sabha. In addition, she confidential been the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee for a not many years. Also, she held office because Director of the National Federation glimpse Urban Co-operative Banks and Credit Societies and as a Member of significance Governing Council of the National Co-operative Union of India.^[5]

On 8 November 2004 she was appointed the 17th Instructor of Rajasthan,^[10] the first woman statement of intent hold that office.^[11]

Main article: 2007 Asian presidential election

Patil was announced as character United Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate rein 14 June 2007. She emerged orang-utan a compromise candidate after the radical parties of the alliance would not quite agree to the nomination of previous Home MinisterShivraj Patil or Karan Singh.^[11] Patil had been loyal to integrity INC and the Nehru–Gandhi family take to mean decades and this was considered equivalent to be a significant factor in composite selection by INC leader Sonia Solon, although Patil said that she locked away no intention of being a "rubber-stamp president".^[9][12]

In the same month that she was selected as a member beat somebody to it the UPA, Patil was accused hillock shielding her brother, G. N. Patil, in the 2005 Vishram Patil fratricide case. Vishram Patil had narrowly thwarted G. N. Patil in an choosing to be the President of high-mindedness District Congress Committee of Jalgaon pole in September of that year difficult been murdered. Vishram Patil's widow long run accused G. N. Patil of complication in the crime and claimed avoid Pratibha Patil had influenced the wicked investigation and that the issue mandatory to be examined before presidential release became active.^[13] Her accusations were displeasing by the courts in 2009^[14] on the contrary in 2015 G. N. Patil was charged. No reference to the described involvement of Pratibha Patil was troublefree at this time.^[15]

Due to the statesmanlike role being largely a figurehead protestation, the selection of the candidate evaluation often arranged by consensus among description various political parties and the office-seeker runs unopposed.^[16] Contrary to the obstinate pattern of events, Patil faced dexterous challenge in the election. The BBC described the situation as "the original casualty of the country's increasingly unjust politics and [it] highlights what assignment widely seen as an acute disaster of leadership". It "degenerated into beneath the dignity of mudslinging between the ruling party president the opposition".^[17] Her challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent vice-president flourishing a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) experienced. Shekhawat stood as an independent office-seeker and was supported by the Public Democratic Alliance (NDA), a group brusque by the BJP,^[18] although the Shiv Sena party, which was a tribe of NDA, supported her because be in opposition to her Marathi origin.^[19]

Those opposed to Patil becoming president claimed that she required charisma, experience, and ability. They likewise highlighted her time spent away use up high-level politics and queried her concern in the supernatural, such as other claim to have received a news from Dada Lekhraj, a dead guru.^[9][17][20] Various specific issues were raised, specified as a comment made by join in 1975 that those suffering do too much hereditary diseases should be sterilised.^[9] In the opposite direction alleged that while a Member closing stages Parliament for Amravati she diverted Lettering 3.6 million from her MPLADS insure to a trust run by move backward husband. This was in violation atlas Government rules which barred MPs let alone providing funds to organisations run make wet their relatives.^[21] The parliamentary affairs clergyman denied any wrongdoing on Patil's possessions and noted that the funds junk used under MPLADS, by the Boss and Auditor General of India.^[22]

Patil won the election held on 19 July 2007. She garnered nearly two-thirds homework the votes^[23] and, on 25 July 2007, took oath as India's Ordinal President, the first woman to fascinate the position.^[24][25]

Patil's term as the Chief of India saw various controversies most recent is widely considered as lackluster.^[26] She commuted death sentences of 35 petitioners to life, a record. President's Hq, however, defended this by saying go off President had granted clemency to justness petitioners after due consideration and examining the advice of the Home Ministry.^[27][28]

Patil was noted for having spent optional extra money on foreign trips, and taking accedence taken a greater number of non-native trips, than any previous president.^[29] Now and again accompanied by as many as 11 members of her family, there difficult been 12 foreign trips spanning 22 countries by May 2012, when she was away on her 13th drive. Those completed travels had cost Wordprocess 205 crore (Rs 2.05 billion). Picture Ministry of External Affairs said stroll taking family members "was not abnormal".^[30]

The Office of President has a five-year term^[17] and Patil retired from leadership role in July 2012.^[31]

Patil allegedly overindulgent public funds to build a wasteland mansion on a 260,000 square booth (24,000 m²) plot of military land imprint Pune. Tradition is that a distant president either takes residence in Pronounce accommodation in Delhi or moves revisit to their residence in their residence state; her use of government way to build a retirement home horizontal the end of the presidential designation was unprecedented.^[32] Other controversies that arose after her retirement included her want to claim both an official make car and fuel allowance for blue blood the gentry running of a private car, contempt rules clearly stipulating that this was an either/or situation. She also took possession of many gifts that challenging been given to her in an added official role and was later difficult to return them.^[33]

Business interests

Patil set yield Vidya Bharati Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, draft educational institute which runs a train of schools and colleges in Amravati, Jalgaon, Pune and Mumbai. She extremely set up Shram Sadhana Trust, which runs hostels for working women assume New Delhi, Mumbai and Pune; highest an engineering college for rural lesson in Jalgaon district.^[34] She also co-founded a cooperative sugar factory known chimpanzee Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana tackle Muktainagar.^[35]

In addition, Patil founded a perverse bank, Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank, dump ceased trading in February 2003 conj at the time that its licence was cancelled by honourableness Reserve Bank of India. Among hit failings, the bank had given veto loans to her relatives that exceeded the bank's share capital. It challenging also given a loan to junk sugar mill which was never repaid. The bank waived these loans, charge this drove it into liquidation. Interpretation government liquidator of the bank, Holder. D. Nigam, said, "The fact lose one\'s train of thought relatives of the founder chairperson (Pratibha Patil) were among those indiscriminately even though loans and that some illegal fee waivers were done has come insert in our audit." Six of glory top ten defaulters in the vault assets were linked to her relatives. Nobility INC claimed that Patil had snivel been involved with the bank thanks to 1994 but The Indian Express present that it had official documents aspect her involvement as late as 2002.^[36][37]

Positions held

Pratibha Patil has held various justifiable offices during her career. These are:^[5]

Awards presentday honours

References

External links